The number of children being taught in "titan schools" with at least 2,000 pupils has more than trebled since Labour came to power.
The Conservatives, who obtained the details from Government records, warned that larger schools faced the worst problems with discipline.
In 1997, 12,650 pupils in England were being educated in these super-sized secondary schools but by last year the figure had risen almost four-fold to 47,540.
Shadow Children's Secretary Michael Gove said: "All the evidence is that some of the toughest problems with discipline are found in the larger schools.
"In America, cities like New York and Chicago have significantly improved behaviour and standards by encouraging smaller schools where it is easier to foster respect and the headteacher is able to know the name of every pupil.
"The Government's pile 'em high approach is letting down some of the most disadvantaged pupils."
The figures, from the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF), showed that nearly one in seven secondary school pupils is taught in a school of more than 1,500.
The Tories said this represented an extra 200,000 pupils in schools with at least 1,500 children since 1997 - nearly half a million in total.
Six out of 10 secondary school pupils were being educated in schools with more than 1,000 children in 2007, up from 46% in 1997, the Conservatives said.
The figures were released as it emerged that teachers in some parts of England are facing severe problems keeping order in class. An analysis by the Daily Telegraph showed that in several towns and cities the equivalent of one in 20 secondary school pupils has been suspended for physical or verbal assaults against staff.
